Deloitte has recently issued a report New Healthcare Reform in a New Era--Challenges for Multinational Pharmaceutical Companies and Corresponding Countermeasures to be taken to analyze the 5 challenges of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China. The pharmaceutical industry, as a pillar industry that will fuel economic growth in the future, is expected to maintain medium to high growth rates during China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period. Several factors are likely to jointly increase the consumption demand for medicine in China, including: the increase in resident income, the upgrading of consumption structure, the accelerated population aging process and urbanization, the implementation of the Healthy China strategy as well as further improvements in China’s medical insurance system. Meanwhile, other factors, including the need for medical cost controlling, the complicated ecosystem of the medical and pharmaceutical industry and China’s reinforced supervision over business compliance, will bring challenges for multinational pharmaceutical companies (MPCs).